The transient HIV remission in the Mississippi baby: why is this good news?

No. TUAB 0206LB. 5. Giacomet V, Trabattoni D, Zanchetta N, Biasin M, Gismondo M, Clerici M, et al. No cure of HIV infection in a child despite early treatment and apparent viral clearance. Lancet. 2014;384(9950):1320. 6. Persaud D, Palumbo PE, Ziemniak C, Hughes MD, Alvero CG, Luzuriaga K, et al. Dynamics of the resting CD4( ) T-cell latent HIV reservoir in infants initiating HAART less than 6 months of age. AIDS. 2012;26(12):1483 90. 7. Bitnun A, Samson L, Chun TW, Kakkar F, Brophy J, Murray D, et al. Early initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected newborns can achieve sustained virologic suppression with low frequency of CD4 T cells carrying HIV in peripheral blood. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59(7):1012 9. 8. Persaud D, Deveikis A, Gay H, Batra J, Chen T, Michalik DE, et al., editors. Very early combination antiretroviral therapy in perinatal HIV infection: two case studies. 21st Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; 2014 March 3 5; Boston, MA, 2014. Abstract No. 75LB. 9. Luzuriaga K, Tabak B, Garber M, Chen YH, Ziemniak C, McManus MM, et al. HIV type 1 (HIV-1) proviral reservoirs decay continuously under sustained virologic control in HIV-1-infected children who received early treatment. J Infect Dis. 2014;210(10):1529 38. 10. Ho YC, Shan L, Hosmane NN, Wang J, Laskey SB, Rosenbloom DI, et al. Replication-competent noninduced proviruses in the latent reservoir increase barrier to HIV-1 cure. Cell. 2013;155(3):540 51. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.09.020. 11. Barouch DH, Deeks SG. Immunologic strategies for HIV-1 remission and eradication. Science. 2014;345(6193):169 74. 12. Hill AL, Rosenbloom DI, Fu F, Nowak MA, Siliciano RF. Predicting the outcomes of treatment to eradicate the latent reservoir for HIV-1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2014;111(37):13475 80. 13. Muenchhoff M, Prendergast AJ, Goulder PJ. Immunity to HIV in early life. Front Immunol. 2014;5:391. Table 1. Early treated children with different time to HIV viral rebound Parameters Mississippi [2] Canadian [4] Milan [5] Time to viral rebound 27 months B1 month B1 month ART onset 30 hours B24 hours 12 hours Pre-ART HIV RNA. copies/ml 19,812 808 152,560 Time to HIV RNAB50 copies/ml on ART 1 month 6 months 3 months Time on ART before interruption 18 months 3 years 3 years Cell-associated HIV DNA Undetected Undetected Undetected Replication-competent virus Negative viral outgrowth assay Negative viral outgrowth assay Negative viral culture HIV antibody Non-reactive Non-reactive Non-reactive HIV-specific T cells Undetected Not reported Detected Others Normal frequencies of activated T cells Detected cell-associated HIV RNA High frequencies of